The most advanced form of the microprocessor is a microcontroller, which comprises a CPU, an Interrupts controllers, RAM, I/O, ROM, etc. Microcontrollers are used primarily for high-speed signal processing within the context of an embedded device. This makes it an essential component in the design of any embedded device. There are various kinds of microcontrollers that can be designed to meet the needs of 8051 AVR, PIC, and so on. This article will provide details about one of the varieties of microcontrollers, namely of the AVR microcontroller.
AVR microcontroller was produced in 1996 by Atmel Corporation 1996 and its design was developed by “Alf-Egil Bogen and Vegard WOLLAN. The name of the microcontroller is derived from the developer of the microcontroller, Alf-Egil Boven and Vegard Wollan RISC microcontroller. The first microcontroller that was based upon the AVR architecture can be found in AT90S8515 however the first microcontroller commercially released is the AT90S1200.
The Atmel AVR is among the most well-known microcontroller family today. The reason for its huge popularity is the user-friendliness and low price of these microcontrollers. They can be bought in eight-pin packages that cost between $1 and $10 dollars.
What’s AVR Microcontroller?
A more advanced variant of the microcomputer which is embedded into a small chip is called the AVR microcontroller. AVR microcontroller. This microcontroller has an I/O processor, as well as programmable peripherals and memory. The AVR microcontroller is able to provide digital control over any electrical mechanical, automotive, or electrical plant, industrial equipment and other electronic devices, and so on. They are available in eighteen, sixteen as well as 32-bit ICs. Therefore, the most widely utilized AVR microcontrollers include; ATmega8, ATmega16, ATmega32, and ATmega328 microcontrollers.
AVR Microcontroller
AVR Microcontrollers are offered in three categories, including MegaAVR, TinyAVR, and XmegaAVR.
TinyAVR microcontrollers are offered in compact sizes, offer smaller memory, and are suitable for simpler applications.
MegaAVR microcontrollers are extremely popular for their 128 KB of memory as well as a wide range of peripherals and are utilized in complex to moderate-level applications.
XmegaAVR is often used in complicated applications in which high speed and huge memory are required.
The AVR is compatible with a broad range of instruction sets including Atmel’s own THUMB instruction set, as well as the standard ARM instruction set. AVR Microcontroller Features
The functions that are available on the AVR microcontroller are as follows.
Memory for flash is 16KB. SRAM can be 1KB.
10-bit *8-Channel ADC.
EPROM has in 512 Bytes.
ISP, also known as in-System Programmer.
Serial USB.
DIP Package.
16-bit Counter or Timer 1.
8-bit Counters or Timers 2.
Digital Analog Comparator.
master or slave serial port.
SPI Interface.
The format is 40 pins.
PWM Channels 4.
Serial programming is possible with USART.
Watchdog timer with programming, including an oscillator on-chip.
The ARM CPU
The types AVR Microcontroller
AVR microcontrollers can be found in four varieties like ATmega8, ATmega16 or ATmega32, and ATmega328, where each microcontroller’s function and the purpose will be discussed in the following sections.
ATmega8 Microcontroller AVR
The microcontroller is a 28-pin IC with internal SRAM- 1KByte, Flash Memory-8KB, and two external interrupt support. The microcontroller is built on RISC architecture and was created by Microchip. The microcontroller is offered in three different packages PDIP TQFP, MLF, and TQFP The first package comes with 28 pins, while the other two packages will be offered with 32 pins in each module.
Atmega8
The flash memory, also known as the Program memory, memory of the microcontroller has a capacity of 8KB. It is used to store the programming code and permanent settings. The microcontroller is used for electronic and electrical designs.
ATmega16 Microcontroller AVR
This is a powerful 8-bit microcontroller belonging to the Atmel family of Mega AVR. The microcontroller has 40 pins built on an advanced RISC architecture, which includes the 131 high-performance instructions. It is therefore one of the most popular and cheapest microcontrollers since it comes with a variety of pins and features.
It comes with a programmable flash memory of 16 KB, 1 2 KB static RAM, and an EEPROM with 512 Bytes. This kind of microcontroller comes with 32 general-purpose registers as well as an instruction set attached directly to the ALU and allows two distinct registers to be opened in a single instruction that can be executed in one CLK cycle.
The endurance cycle of flash memory and EEPROM’s endurance cycle is between 10K and 100K respectively. The majority of the programs inside this microcontroller execute within a single cycle and can operate at 16 MHz, which is the maximum frequency.
The microcontroller Atmega16 is utilized in commercial devices and in small industrial machines. The microcontroller is also utilized to determine the frequency and duty cycle of the device externally.
